Respuesta del perifiton de agua dulce al glifosato grado-técnico y dos formulados comerciales

El glifosato es el herbicida más utilizado a nivel mundial. Puede llegar a los cuerpos de agua y afectar a las comunidades microbianas. Comparamos los efectos del glifosato grado técnico y dos formulados comerciales sobre una comunidad periférica de agua dulce. Se llevó a cabo un experimento de laboratorio con cuatro tratamientos: glifosato ácido grado técnico, Glifosato II Atanor, Roundup Max, a una concentración de 3 mg de ingrediente activo/L, y un Control. A los 2, 5 y 9 días posteriores a la aplicación de los herbicidas se determinaron la concentración de pigmentos, peso seco, peso seco libre de cenizas y densidad algal del perifiton. Se registró un incremento de la abundancia de Cyanobacteria y una disminución de Chlorophyta y Bacillariophyta en todos los tratamientos con herbicida. Este efecto fue mayor con la adición de Roundup Max y Glifosato II Atanor, y fue menor con glifosato grado técnico, sugiriendo que los aditivos en los formulados comerciales pueden intensificar los efectos del glifosatoGlyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide. It may reach water bodies and affect microbial communities. We compared the effects of two commercial formulations and technical-grade glyphosate on a freshwater periphytic community. A laboratory bioassay was carried out with four treatments: technical-grade glyphosate acid, Glifosato II Atanor, Roundup Max, at a concentration of 3 mg active ingredient/L, and Control. At 2, 5 and 9 days after herbicide application, pigments concentration, dry weight, ash-free dry weight, and periphytic algal density were determined. An increase of Cyanobacteria and a decrease of Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta abundances were registered in all treatments with the herbicide. This effect was greater when Roundup Max and Glifosato II Atanor® were added, and was lower with technical-grade glyphosate, suggesting that additives in the commercial formulations may enhance glyphosate effects.Fil: Gonzalez, Daniela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; ArgentinaFil: Juarez, Angela Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Krug, Cecilia Pamela. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería Ambiental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Santos, Marina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Vera, Maria Solange. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Managing services quality through admission control and active monitoring

We propose a lightweight traffic admission control scheme based on on-line monitoring which ensures multimedia services quality both intra-domain and end-to-end. The AC strategy is distributed, service-oriented and allows to control QoS and SLS without adding complexity to the network core. For each service class, AC decisions are driven by rate-based SLS control rules and QoS parameters control rules, defined and parameterized according to each service characteristics. These rules are essentially based on systematic on-line measurements of relevant QoS and performance parameters. Thus, from a practical perspective, we discuss and evaluate methodologies and mechanisms for parameter estimation. The AC criteria is evaluated as regards its ability to ensure service commitments while achieving high network utilization. The results show that the proposed model provides a good compromise between simplicity, service level guarantee and network usage, even for services with strict QoS requirements

A distributed admission control model for class-based networks using edge-toedge QoS and SLS monitoring

The advent of class-based networks has brought new needs for network traffic control in order to assure a certain QoS level. Despite the existing proposals, achieving a generic admission control (AC) strategy for traffic entering these networks is still an open issue. This paper provides new insights on how AC shall be accomplished proposing an encompassing AC model for multi-service class-based networks, which covers both intra-domain and end-to-end operation, without requiring changes in the network core and complex AC signaling. For each service type, AC is distributed and based on both on-line edge-to-edge monitoring of relevant QoS parameters and SLSs utilization. Service monitoring, performed at egress nodes, provides adequate metrics to ingress nodes which take implicit or explicit AC decisions based on service-dependent criteria. Although being oriented to flow AC, the model can easily be applied to SLS AC. SLS auditing and SLS traffic conditioning are tasks also covered

A distributed admission control model for CoS networks using QoS and SLS monitoring

Achieving an admission control strategy for CoS networks covering both intra-domain and end-to-end operation is still an open issue. This paper discusses how AC can be carried out without adding significant complexity to the network control plane and proposes a distributed service-oriented AC model for these networks. The model only involves the network edge nodes leaving the network core unchanged. Ingress nodes perform implicit or explicit service-dependent AC based on both QoS and SLSs utilization metrics, obtained through on-line edge-to-edge monitoring performed at egress nodes. From an end-to-end perspective, the flow request is used both for AC and available service computation. Relevant aspects of the model interrelated areas and implementation key points are also discussed

Adaptive admission control in real-time systems

In real-time service provisioning platforms the existence of an efficient and flexible admission control mechanism is essential for providing quality of service in a reliable and stable way, avoiding congestion scenarios caused by indiscriminate and uncontrolled service request admission. The capability of modeling and regulating the rate of call acceptance, and provide service differentiation allow indirect control of the load submitted to the platform. This paper presents a service differentiated admission control solution that allows to limit and modulate the rate by which service requests are submitted into a service provisioning platform. The solution is focused on providing a fair level of bandwidth sharing among service classes, in a configurable and dynamic way so that it can adapt the distribution by which service requests are served. To sustain the design decisions of our solution, major scheduling disciplines and rate control mechanisms, some of them proposed recently, are studied and compared. The solution was submitted to unit and charge tests, whose results show its effectiveness and robustness

Target costing : the use of profit management system by the automobile manufactures established in Brazil

Neste trabalho são pesquisadas as indústrias automotivas com fábrica no Brasil, com o objetivo de verificar se a utilização do sistema de Custeio Alvo para planejamento de custos e lucros praticada pelas empresas é aderente à teoria. Trata#se de uma pesquisa exploratória com uso de questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados. O questionário foi elaborado com base nas etapas apresentadas por Monden (1999), que são empregadas no processo de custeio alvo pelas indústrias automotivas. Foram selecionadas 16 empresas que produzem veículos comerciais para a população em geral, excluindo as indústrias que produzem exclusivamente veículos voltados para a área rural. A análise restringiu#se a 5 empresas que responderam ao questionário, o que corresponde a aproximadamente 31% das empresas, as quais respondem por cerca de 70% do total de veículos fabricados. A conclusão é que as empresas analisadas utilizam o sistema de Custeio Alvo, de acordo com as etapas da teoria de Monden (1999), com forte intensidade no decorrer das suas produções e no planejamento de novos produtos. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTIn this study there had been researched the automobile manufactures established in Brazil, aiming to verify if the use of the Target Costing system for cost and profit planning practiced by the companies is adherent to the theory. It is an exploratory research which has used a questionnaire to obtain the data. The questionnaire was based on the steps used by Monden (1999), which should be followed by the automobile manufacturers when using the target costing system. A number of 16 companies that produce commercial vehicles to the population in general were selected, excluding the companies that produce vehicles concerned to rural areas. The analysis was shorten to 5 companies that replied to the questionnaire, making it approximately 31% of the companies, which, on the other hand are responsible for 70% of all vehicles manufactured. The conclusion is that the companies analyzed use the cost system named target costing, according to the Monden (1999) theory, and perform with great intensity during the production process and the planning of new products

Relatório de estágio pedagógico desenvolvido na escola básica dos 2º e 3º ciclos Dr.ª Maria Alice Gouveia junto da turma do 9º B no ano letivo de 2013-2014 : caraterização da prática docente do professor estagiário

Relatório de estágio do mestrado em Ensino da Educação Física nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário, apresentado à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física da Universidade de CoimbraA prática pedagógica educativa exige aos novos professores uma adaptação dos seus conhecimentos à realidade escolar que confrontam, mais complexa e com inúmeras variáveis que condicionam a condução do processo educativo. Neste sentido, o estágio pedagógico surge como o colmatar de um ciclo de estudos, que visa proporcionar aos seus alunos a transferência dos conhecimentos teóricos para a prática educativa, adequada ao contexto onde se inserem. Esta prática pode ser dividida em várias dimensões, onde cada uma delas exige dos professores estagiários um trabalho crítico e reflexivo. Como resultado da nossa prática docente, este relatório de estágio surge para descrever as aprendizagens realizadas, provenientes da experiência pedagógica com a turma B do 9.ºano, na Escola Básica 2.º e 3.º ciclo Dr.ª Maria Alice Gouveia, no ano letivo de 2013/2014. O seu intuito surge na necessidade de interpretação e reflexão de todas as atividades pedagógicas desenvolvidas durante o ano letivo. Inicialmente foi realizada a contextualização escolar da prática pedagógica desenvolvida, onde foram analisadas as características da escola, do grupo disciplinar e da turma onde foi realizado o estágio pedagógico, adequando o processo pedagógico às mesmas. Seguidamente foi realizada a descrição das atividades desenvolvidas, com a respetiva análise e justificação as decisões tomadas nas várias dimensões pedagógicas. No final deste relatório foi realizado o aprofundamento do tema selecionado, relativamente à caraterização pedagógica da prática docente do professor estagiário. The educational pedagogical practice requires new teachers to adapt their knowledge to the school reality that comes upon them, it’s a lot more complex and has numerous variables which determine the conduct of the educational process. In this sense, teaching practice emerges as the culmination of a course of study, which aims to provide its students the possibility to put in practice, the theoretical training, appropriate to the context in which they operate educational practice knowledge. This practice can be divided into several dimensions, where each requires a critical and reflective work from the trainee teachers. As a result of our teaching practice, this internship report appears to describe my learning achievements, from the pedagogical experience with the 9th B class, in 2.nd and 3.rd Cycle Primary School Dr. Maria Alice Gouveia in the 2013/2014 academic year. This work came up with the need for interpretation and reflection of all educational activities during the school year. Initially, the contextualization of the developed teaching practice was performed, in was described the school characteristics, the subject group and the class where the teaching stage performed, adapting the learning process to the same. Then the description of the developed activities, it was accomplished with the respective analysis and justification of the decisions taken at the different pedagogical dimensions. At the end of this report the deepening of the selected theme was performed, regarding the pedagogical characterization of the trainee teacher teaching practice